3. What is New for Installation and Live Images

3.1. Installation notes

[Tip] To learn how to install Fedora, refer to

If you encounter a problem or have a question during installation that is not covered in these release notes, refer to http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/FAQ and http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/Common.

Anaconda is the name of the Fedora installer. This section outlines issues related to Anaconda and installing Fedora 10.

3.1.1. Installation media

[Note] If you intend to download the Fedora DVD ISO image, keep in mind that not all file downloading tools can accommodate files larger than 2 GiB in size.

The programs wget 1.9.1-16 and above, curl, and ncftpget do not have this limitation, and can successfully download files larger than 2 GiB. BitTorrent is another method for downloading large files. For information about obtaining and using the torrent file, refer to http://torrent.fedoraproject.org/.

Anaconda asks if it should verify the installation medium when Install or upgrade an existing system is selected during boot from an installation-only media.

For Fedora Live media, press any key during the initial boot countdown, bringing up a boot option menu. Select Verify and boot to perform the media test. The pure installation medium can be used to verify a Fedora Live medium. Anaconda asks during the mediacheck if you want to check any other disc than the one Anaconda is running from. To test another media, select eject to eject the inserted medium, then replace it with the medium you want to test instead.

Perform this test everytime after you create or receive a new installation or live medium.

The Fedora Project strongly recommends that you perform this test before reporting any installation-related bugs. Many of the bugs reported are actually due to improperly-burned CD or DVDs.

In rare cases, the testing procedure may report some usable discs as faulty. This result is often caused by disc writing software that does not include padding when creating discs from ISO files.

[Note] BitTorrent Automatically Verifies File Integrity.

If you use BitTorrent, any files you download are automatically validated. If your file completes downloading you do not need to check it. Once you burn your CD or DVD, however, you should still use

mediacheck

to test the integrity of the media.

Another reason for a failure during installation is faulty memory. To perform memory testing before you install Fedora, press any key to enter the boot menu, then select Memory Test. This option runs the Memtest86 standalone memory testing software in place of Anaconda. Memtest86 memory testing continues until you press the Esc key.

Fedora 10 supports graphical FTP and HTTP installations. However, the installer image must either fit in RAM or appear on local storage, such as the installation DVD or Live Media. Therefore, only systems with more than 192MiB of RAM or that boot from the installation DVD or Live Media can use the graphical installer. Systems with 192MiB RAM or less fall back to using the text-based installer automatically. If you prefer to use the text-based installer, type linux text at the boot: prompt.

3.1.2. Changes in Anaconda

  • http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda/Features/NetConfigForNM -- Anaconda is now using NetworkManager for configuring network interfaces during installation. The previous backend tool was libdhcp (which was a replacement for libpump). Anaconda uses NetworkManager by communicating with it via D-Bus during installation. The move to NetworkManager in Anaconda is still ongoing and some things are not yet 100% functional, but the bulk of existing functionality has been retained. NetworkManager is enabled by default on newly installed systems, so moving to NetworkManager in Anaconda allows the installer to use the same network management tool that the final system uses. The move to NetworkManager brings some changes, most notably the removal of the network interface configuration screen in Anaconda. You are no longer asked to verify the network settings during installation. The screen now simply prompts for the hostname. The settings used during installation are written to the system.

  • When using netinst.iso to boot the installer, Anaconda defaults to using the Fedora mirrorlist URL as the installation source. The method selection screen no longer appears by default. If you do not wish to use the mirrorlist URL, either add repo=<your installation source> or add askmethod to the installer boot parameters. The askmethod option causes the selection screen to appear as it did in previous releases. Boot parameters can be added by pressing the Tab key in the initial boot screen and appending your new parameters to the existing list. For more information, refer to the repo= and stage2= descriptions at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda/Options.

3.1.3.1. PXE booting from a .iso

When PXE booting and using a .iso file for the installation media via NFS you are now required to add method=nfsiso:server:/path to the command line.

3.1.3.2. IDE device names

Use of /dev/hdX on i386 and x86_64 for IDE drives changed to /dev/sdX in Fedora 7. If you are upgrading from an earlier version than Fedora 7, you need to research about the importance of labeling devices for upgrades and any partition limitations.

3.1.3.3. IDE RAID

Not all IDE RAID controllers are supported. If your RAID controller is not yet supported by dmraid, you may combine drives into RAID arrays by configuring Linux software RAID. For supported controllers, configure the RAID functions in the computer BIOS.

3.1.3.4. Multiple NICs and PXE installation

Some servers with multiple network interfaces may not assign eth0 to the first network interface as BIOS knows it, which can cause the installer to try using a different network interface than was used by PXE. To change this behavior, use the following in pxelinux.cfg/* config files:

	IPAPPEND 2 APPEND
	  ksdevice=bootif
      

The configuration options above causes the installer to use the same network interface as BIOS and PXE use. You can also use the following option:

	ksdevice=link
      

This option causes the installer to use the first network device it finds that is linked to a network switch.

Refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/DistributionUpgrades for detailed recommended procedures for upgrading Fedora.

3.1.4.1. SCSI driver partition limits

Whereas older IDE drivers supported up to 63 partitions per device, SCSI devices are limited to 15 partitions per device. Anaconda uses the libata driver in the same fashion as the rest of Fedora, so it is unable to detect more than 15 partitions on an IDE disk during the installation or upgrade process.

If you are upgrading a system with more than 15 partitions, you may need to migrate the disk to Logical Volume Management (LVM). This restriction may cause conflicts with other installed systems if they do not support LVM. Most modern Linux distributions support LVM and drivers are available for other operating systems as well.

3.1.4.2. Disk partitions must be labeled

A change in the way that the Linux kernel handles storage devices means that device names such as /dev/hdX or /dev/sdX may differ from the values used in earlier releases. Anaconda solves this problem by relying on partition labels or UUIDs for finding devices. If these are not present, then Anaconda presents a warning indicating that partitions need to be labelled and that the upgrade can not proceed. Systems that use Logical Volume Management (LVM) and the device mapper usually do not require relabeling.

3.1.4.2.1. To check disk partition labels

To view partition labels, boot the existing Fedora installation, and enter the following at a terminal prompt:

	  /sbin/blkid
	

Confirm that each volume line in the list has a LABEL= value, as shown below:

	  /dev/hdd1: LABEL="/boot"
	    UUID="ec6a9d6c-6f05-487e-a8bd-a2594b854406" SEC_TYPE="ext2"
	    TYPE="ext3" 	  
	
3.1.4.2.2. To set disk partition labels

For ext2 and ext3 partitions without a label, use the following command:

	  su -c 'e2label /dev/example f7-slash'
	

For a VFAT filesystem use dosfslabel from the dosfstools package, and for NTFS filesystem use ntfslabel from the ntfsprogs package. Before rebooting the machine, also update the file system mount entries, and the GRUB kernel root entry.

3.1.4.2.3. Update the file system mount entries

If any filesystem labels were added or modified, then the device entries in /etc/fstab must be adjusted to match:

	  su -c 'cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.orig' su -c 'gedit
	    /etc/fstab'
	

An example of a mount by label entry is:

	  LABEL=f7-slash  /  ext3  defaults  1
	    1
	
3.1.4.2.4. Update the grub.conf kernel root entry

If the label for the / (root) filesystem was modified, the kernel boot parameter in the grub configuration file must also be modified:

	  su -c 'gedit /boot/grub/grub.conf'
	

A matching example kernel grub line is:

	  kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.20-1.2948.fc6 ro
	    root=LABEL=f7-slash rhgb quiet
	
3.1.4.2.5. Test changes made to labels

If partition labels were adjusted, or the /etc/fstab file modified, then boot the existing Fedora installation to confirm that all partitions still mount normally and login is successful. When complete, reboot with the installation media to start the installer and begin the upgrade.

3.1.4.3. Upgrades versus fresh installations

In general, fresh installations are recommended over upgrades. This is particularly true for systems that include software from third-party repositories. Third-party packages remaining from a previous installation may not work as expected on an upgraded Fedora system. If you decide to perform an upgrade anyway, the following information may be helpful:

Before you upgrade, back up the system completely. In particular, preserve /etc, /home, and possibly /opt and /usr/local if customized packages are installed there. You may want to use a multi-boot approach with a "clone" of the old installation on alternate partition(s) as a fallback. In that case, create alternate boot media, such as a GRUB boot floppy.

[Tip] Configuration backups

Backups of configurations in /etc are also useful in reconstructing system settings after a fresh installation.

After you complete the upgrade, run the following command:

	rpm -qa --last > RPMS_by_Install_Time.txt
      

Inspect the end of the output for packages that pre-date the upgrade. Remove or upgrade those packages from third-party repositories, or otherwise deal with them as necessary. Some previously installed packages may no longer be available in any configured repository. To list all these packages, use the following command:

	su -c 'yum list extras'
      

3.1.5. Kickstart HTTP issue

When using a Kickstart configuration file via HTTP, kickstart file retrieval may fail with an error that indicates the file could not be retrieved. Click the OK button several times without making modifications to override this error successfully. As a workaround, use one of the other supported methods to retrieve Kickstart configurations.

3.1.6. Firstboot requires creation of non-root user

The Firstboot application requires the creation of a non-root user for the system. This is to support gdm no longer allowing the root user to log in to the graphical desktop.

If a network authentication mechanism is chosen during installation Firstboot does not require creating a that does not use local user.

3.2. Fedora Live images

The Fedora 10 release includes several Fedora Live ISO images in addition to the traditional installation images. These ISO images are bootable, and you can burn them to media and use them to try out Fedora. They also include a feature that allows you to install the Fedora Live image content to your hard drive for persistence and higher performance.

3.2.1. Available images

For a complete list of current spins available, and instructions for using them, refer to:

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/CustomSpins

3.2.2. Usage information

To boot from the Fedora Live image, insert it into your computer and restart. To log in and use the desktop environment, enter the username fedora. There is no password on this account. The GNOME-based Fedora Live images automatically login after one minute, so users have time to select a preferred language. After logging in, if you wish to install the contents of the live image to your hard drive, click on the Install to Hard Drive icon on the desktop.

3.2.3. Text mode installation

You can do a text mode installation of the Fedora Live images using the liveinst command in the console.

3.2.4. USB booting

Another way to use these Fedora Live images is to put them on a USB stick. To do this, use the liveusb-creator graphical interface. Use Add/Remove Software, search for, then install liveusb-creator. To install using yum:

      su -c 'yum install liveusb-creator'
    

Instead of the graphical tool, you can use the command line interface from the livecd-tools package. Then, run the livecd-iso-to-disk script:

      /usr/bin/livecd-iso-to-disk /path/to/live.iso
	/dev/sdb1
    

Replace /dev/sdb1 with the partition where you want to put the image.

This is not a destructive process; any data you currently have on your USB stick is preserved.

3.2.5. Persistent home directory

Support for keeping a persistent /home with the rest of the system stateless has been added for Fedora 10. This includes support for encrypting /home to protect your system in the case where your USB stick is lost or stolen. To use this, download the live image and run the following command:

      livecd-iso-to-disk --home-size-mb 512 /path/to/live.iso
	/dev/sdb1
    

Replace /dev/sdb1 with the partition where you want to put the image.

Replace 512 with the desired size in megabytes of the persistent /home. The livecd-iso-to-disk shell script is stored in the LiveOS directory at the top level of the CD image. The USB media must have sufficient free space for the Fedora Live image, plus the /home, plus any other data to be stored on the media. By default, this encrypts your data and prompts for a passphrase to use. If you want to have an unencrypted /home, then you can specify --unencrypted-home.

Note that later runs of livecd-iso-to-disk preserve the /home that is created on the USB stick, continuing to use it even if you change your live image.

3.2.6. Live USB persistence

Support for persistent changes with a Fedora Live image exists for Fedora 9 and later. The primary use case is booting from a Fedora Live image on a USB flash drive and storing changes to that same device. To do this, download the Fedora Live image and then run the following command:

      livecd-iso-to-disk --overlay-size-mb 512
	/path/to/live.iso /dev/sdb1
    

Replace /dev/sdb1 with the partition where you want to put the image.

Replace 512 with the desired size in megabytes of the persistent data, or overlay. The livecd-iso-to-disk shell script is stored in the LiveOS directory at the top level of the CD image. The USB media must have sufficient free space for the Fedora Live image, plus the overlay, plus any other data to be stored on the media.

3.2.7. Booting a Fedora Live image off of USB on Intel-based Apple hardware

Fedora 10 includes support for putting the live image onto a USB image and then booting it on Intel processor-based Apple hardware. Unlike for most x86 machines, this unfortunately requires reformatting the USB stick that you are using. To set up a stick for this, you can run:

      /usr/bin/livecd-iso-to-disk --mactel /path/to/live.iso
	/dev/sdb1
    

Replace /dev/sdb1 with the partition where you want to put the image.

Note that all of the other arguments for the livecd-iso-to-disk tool as described above can be used here as well.

3.2.8. Differences from a regular Fedora install

The following items are different from a normal Fedora install with the Fedora Live images.

  • Fedora Live images provide a subset of packages available in the regular DVD image. Both connect to the same repository that has all the packages.

  • The SSH daemon sshd is disabled by default. The daemon is disabled because the default username in the Fedora Live images does not have a password. However, installation to hard disk prompts for creating a new username and password.

  • Fedora Live image installations do not allow any package selection or upgrade capability since they copy the entire file system from media or USB disks to the hard disk. After the installation is complete, and your system has been rebooted, you can add and remove packages as desired with the Add/Remove Packages tool, yum, or the other software management tools.

  • Fedora Live images do not work on i586 architecture.

3.3. Hardware overview

Users often request that Fedora provide a hardware compatibility list (HCL), which we have carefully avoided doing. Why? It is a difficult and thankless task that is best handled by the community at large than by one little Linux distribution.

However, because of our stance against closed-source hardware drivers and the problems of binary firmware for hardware, there is some additional information the Fedora Project wants to provide Fedora users.

3.3.1. Useful hardware information in these release notes

3.3.2. Hardware stance

From http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ForbiddenItems:

  • If it is proprietary, it cannot be included in Fedora.

  • If it is legally encumbered, it cannot be included in Fedora.

  • If it violates United States federal law, it cannot be included in Fedora.

3.3.3. What can you do?

  1. Get active. Tell your hardware vendors you only want free, open source drivers and firmware

  2. Use your buying power and only purchase from hardware vendors that support their hardware with open drivers and firmware. Refer to http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/hardware.html for more information.

3.4. Architecture specific notes

This section provides notes that are specific to the supported hardware architectures of Fedora.

3.4.1. RPM multiarch support on 64-bit platforms - x86_64 and ppc64

RPM supports parallel installation of multiple architectures of the same package. A default package listing such as rpm -qa might appear to include duplicate packages, since the architecture is not displayed. Instead, use the repoquery command, part of the yum-utils package, which displays architecture by default. To install yum-utils, run the following command:

      su -c 'yum install yum-utils'
    

To list all packages with their architecture using rpm, run the following command:

      rpm -qa --queryformat "%{name}-%{version}-%{release}.%{arch}\n"
    

This setting changes the default query to list the architecture. Add it to /etc/rpm/macros (for a system wide setting) or ~/.rpmmacros (for a per-user setting).

      %_query_all_fmt %%{name}-%%{version}-%%{release}.%%{arch}
    

3.4.2. x86 specifics for Fedora

This section covers specific information about Fedora and the x86 hardware platform.

3.4.2.1. Hardware requirements for x86

In order to use specific features of Fedora 10 during or after installation, you may need to know details of other hardware components such as video and network cards.

3.4.2.1.1. Processor and memory

The following CPU specifications are stated in terms of Intel processors. Other processors, such as those from AMD, Cyrix, and VIA that are compatible with and equivalent to the following Intel processors, may also be used with Fedora.

Fedora 10 requires an Intel Pentium or better processor, and is optimized for Pentium 4 and later processors.

  • Recommended for text-mode: 200 MHz Pentium-class or better

  • Recommended for graphical: 400 MHz Pentium II or better

  • Minimum RAM for text-mode: 128MiB

  • Minimum RAM for graphical: 192MiB

  • Recommended RAM for graphical: 256MiB

3.4.2.1.2. Hard disk space

All of the packages from a DVD install can occupy over 9 GB of disk space. The final install size is determined by the installing spin and the packages selected during installation. Additional disk space is required during installation to support the installation environment. The additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

In practical terms the additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for a larger installation.

Additional space is also required for any user data and at least 5% free space should be maintained for proper system operation.

3.4.3. x86_64 specifics for Fedora

This section covers specific information about Fedora and the x86_64 hardware platform.

3.4.3.1. Hardware requirements for x86_64

In order to use specific features of Fedora 10 during or after installation, you may need to know details of other hardware components such as video and network cards.

3.4.3.1.1. Memory requirements for x86_64
  • Minimum RAM for text-mode: 256MiB

  • Minimum RAM for graphical: 384MiB

  • Recommended RAM for graphical: 512MiB

3.4.3.1.2. Hard disk space requirements for x86_64

All of the packages from a DVD install can occupy over 9 GB of disk space. The final install size is determined by the installing spin and the packages selected during installation. Additional disk space is required during installation to support the installation environment. The additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

In practical terms the additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for a larger installation.

Additional space is also required for any user data and at least 5% free space should be maintained for proper system operation.

3.4.4. PPC specifics for Fedora

This section covers specific information about Fedora and the PPC (Power PC) hardware platform.

3.4.4.1. Hardware requirements for PPC
3.4.4.1.1. Processor and memory
  • Minimum CPU: PowerPC G3 / POWER3

  • Fedora 10 supports the New World generation of Apple Power Macintosh, shipped from circa 1999 onward. Although Old World machines should work, they require a special bootloader which is not included in the Fedora distribution. Fedora has also been installed and tested on POWER5 and POWER6 machines.

  • Fedora 10 supports pSeries, iSeries, and Cell Broadband Engine machines.

  • Fedora 10 also supports the Sony PlayStation 3 and Genesi Pegasos II and Efika.

  • Fedora 10 includes new hardware support for the P.A. Semiconductor 'Electra' machines.

  • Fedora 10 also includes support for Terrasoft Solutions powerstation workstations.

  • Recommended for text-mode: 233 MHz G3 or better, 128MiB RAM.

  • Recommended for graphical: 400 MHz G3 or better, 256MiB RAM.

3.4.4.1.2. Hard disk space

The complete packages can occupy over 9 GiB of disk space. Final size is entirely determined by the installing spin and the packages selected during installation. Additional disk space is required during installation to support the installation environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img (on Installation Disc 1) plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.

In practical terms, additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for a larger installation.

Additional space is also required for any user data, and at least 5% free space should be maintained for proper system operation.

3.4.4.2. 4 KiB pages on 64-bit machines

After a brief experiment with 64KiB pages in Fedora Core 6, the PowerPC64 kernel has now been switched back to 4KiB pages. The installer should reformat any swap partitions automatically during an upgrade.

3.4.4.3. The Apple keyboard

The Option key on Apple systems is equivalent to the Alt key on the PC. Where documentation and the installer refer to the Alt key, use the Option key. For some key combinations you may need to use the Option key in conjunction with the Fn key, such as Option+Fn+F3 to switch to virtual terminal tty3.

3.4.4.4. PPC installation notes

Fedora Installation Disc 1 is bootable on supported hardware. In addition, a bootable CD image appears in the images/ directory of this disc. These images behave differently according to your system hardware:

  • On most machines, the bootloader automatically boots the appropriate 32-bit or 64-bit installer from the install disc.

  • 64-bit IBM pSeries (POWER4/POWER5), current iSeries models -- After using OpenFirmware to boot the CD, the bootloader, yaboot, automatically boots the 64-bit installer.

  • IBM "Legacy" iSeries (POWER4) -- So-called "Legacy" iSeries models, which do not use OpenFirmware, require use of the boot image located in the images/iSeries directory of the installation tree.

  • 32-bit CHRP (IBM RS/6000 and others) -- After using OpenFirmware to boot the CD, select the linux32 boot image at the boot: prompt to start the 32-bit installer. Otherwise, the 64-bit installer starts and fails.

  • Genesi Pegasos II / Efika 5200B -- The Fedora kernel supports both Pegasos and Efika without the need to use the "Device Tree Supplement" from powerdeveloper.org. However, the lack of full support for ISO9660 in the firmware means that booting via yaboot from the CD is not possible. Boot the 'netboot' image instead, either from the CD or over the network. Because of the size of the image, you must set the firmware's load-base variable to load files at a high address such as 32MiB instead of the default 4MiB:

     
    	  setenv load-base 0x2000000
    	

    At the OpenFirmware prompt, enter the following command to boot the Efika update, if necessary, or the netboot image from the CD:

    	  boot cd: /images/netboot/ppc32.img
    	

    Or from the network:

    	  boot eth ppc32.img
    	

    You must also manually configure OpenFirmware to make the installed Fedora system bootable. To do this, set the boot-device and boot-file environment variables appropriately, to load yaboot from the /boot partition. For example, a default installation might require the following:

    setenv boot-device hd:0 setenv boot-file
    	    /yaboot/yaboot setenv auto-boot? true
    	
  • PA Semi Electra -- The Electra firmware does not yet support yaboot; to install on Electra, you can boot the ppc64.img netboot image. After the installation, you will need to manually configure the firmware to load the installed kernel and initrd from the /boot partition.

    Refer to the firmware documentation for further details.

  • Sony PlayStation 3 -- For installation on PlayStation 3, first update to firmware 1.60 or later. The "Other OS" boot loader must be installed into the flash, following the instructions at http://www.playstation.com/ps3-openplatform/manual.html. A suitable boot loader image can be found on Sony's "ADDON" CD, available from ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/geoff/cell/.

    Once the boot loader is installed, the PlayStation 3 should be able to boot from the Fedora install media. Please note that network installation works best with NFS, since that takes less memory than FTP or HTTP methods. Using the text option also reduces the amount of memory taken by the installer.

    For more info on Fedora and the PlayStation3 or Fedora on PowerPC in general, join the Fedora-PPC mailing list (http://lists.infradead.org/mailman/listinfo/fedora-ppc) or the #fedora-ppc channel on FreeNode (http://freenode.net/.)

  • Network booting -- Combined images containing the installer kernel and ramdisk are located in the images/netboot/ directory of the installation tree. They are intended for network booting with TFTP, but can be used in many ways.

    The yaboot loader supports TFTP booting for IBM pSeries and Apple Macintosh. The Fedora Project encourages the use of yaboot over the netboot images.

  • RS/6000 kernel support is currently broken (as of August 28, 2008).

3.4.4.4.1. PPC specific packages

  • The ppc64-utils package has been split out into individual packages reflecting upstream packaging (ps3pf-utils, powerpc-utils, powerpc-utils-papr.) Although the mkzimage command is no longer supplied, you can use the wrapper script from the kernel-bootwrapper package:

    wrapper -i initrd-${KERN_VERSION}.img -o
    	zImage-${KERN_VERSION}.img vmlinuz-${KERN_VERSION}
    	  

3.5. X Window system - graphics

This section contains information related to the X Window System implementation, X.Org, provided with Fedora.

3.5.1. X Configuration Changes

Fedora 10 uses the

evdev

input driver as standard mouse and keyboard driver for the X server. This driver works with HAL to provide a persistent per-device configuration that allows devices to be added or removed at runtime.

3.5.2. Third-party Video Drivers

Refer to the Xorg third-party drivers page for detailed guidelines on using third-party video drivers.

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Xorg/3rdPartyVideoDrivers

3.6. Fedora 10 boot-time

Fedora 10 includes multiple boot-time updates, including changes that allow for faster booting and graphic booting changes.

3.6.1. Plymouth

Plymouth is the graphical boot up system debuting with Fedora 10.

  • Adding rhgb on the grub command line directs Plymouth to load the appropriate plugin for your hardware.

  • The graphical boot splash screen that comes with Plymouth requires kernel mode setting drivers to work best. There are not kernel modesetting drivers available for all hardware yet. To see the graphical splash before the drivers are generally available, add vga=0x318 to the kernel grub command line. This uses vesafb, which does not necessarily give the native resolution for a flat panel, and may cause flickering or other weird interactions with X. Without kernel modesetting drivers or vga=0x318, Plymouth uses a text-based plugin that is plain but functional.

  • Currently, only Radeon R500 and higher users get kernel modesetting by default. There is work in progress to provide modesetting for R100 and R200. Additionally, Intel kernel modesetting drivers are in development, but not turned on by default.

  • The kernel modesetting drivers are still in development and buggy. If you end up with nothing but a black screen during boot up, or a screen with nothing but random noise on it, then adding nomodeset to the kernel boot prompt in grub disables modesetting.

  • Plymouth hides boot messages. To view boot messages, press the Esc key during boot, or view them in /var/log/boot.log after boot up. Alternatively, remove rhgb from the kernel command line and plymouth displays all boot messages. There is also a status icon on the login screen to view boot warnings.

3.6.2. Faster booting

Fedora 10 gets a faster boot from improvements in process start-up.

  • Readahead is started in parallel with the boot process.

  • Udev may appear to be slower but in fact readahead reads all disk buffers needed for the boot process in the background and shortens the whole boot process. Creation of the readahead file list is done monthly and can be triggered manually by touching /.readahead_collect. The configuration file /etc/sysconfig/readahead can be edited to turn off readahead-collector and/or readahead.

3.6.3. Kernel modesetting

Kernel modesetting (KMS) can default to either enabled or disabled in the DRM driver and it can be enabled or disabled at boot-time.

  • Both Plymouth and the DDX drivers detect whether KMS is present and enabled. If it is present and enabled, Plymouth and DDX drivers will take advantage of them.

  • If KMS is not present or it is present but disabled then Plymouth will automatically fall back to the text splash and the DDX driver will automatically fall back to user-space modesetting.

  • Allows for faster user switching, seamless X server switching, and graphical panic messages.