To learn how to install Fedora, refer to | |
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If you encounter a problem or have a question during installation that is not covered in these release notes, refer to http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/FAQ and http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/Bugs/Common. |
Anaconda is the name of the Fedora installer. This section outlines issues related to Anaconda and installing Fedora 10.
If you intend to download the Fedora DVD ISO image, keep in mind that not all file downloading tools can accommodate files larger than 2 GiB in size. | |
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The programs |
Anaconda asks if it should verify the installation medium when is selected during boot from an installation-only media.
For Fedora Live media, press any key during the initial boot countdown, bringing up a boot option menu. Select Anaconda asks during the mediacheck if you want to check any other disc than the one Anaconda is running from. To test another media, select to eject the inserted medium, then replace it with the medium you want to test instead.
to perform the media test. The pure installation medium can be used to verify a Fedora Live medium.Perform this test everytime after you create or receive a new installation or live medium.
The Fedora Project strongly recommends that you perform this test before reporting any installation-related bugs. Many of the bugs reported are actually due to improperly-burned CD or DVDs.
In rare cases, the testing procedure may report some usable discs as faulty. This result is often caused by disc writing software that does not include padding when creating discs from ISO files.
BitTorrent Automatically Verifies File Integrity. | |
---|---|
If you use BitTorrent, any files you download are automatically validated. If your file completes downloading you do not need to check it. Once you burn your CD or DVD, however, you should still use mediacheck to test the integrity of the media. |
Another reason for a failure during installation is faulty memory. To perform memory testing before you install Fedora, press any key to enter the boot menu, then select Memtest86 standalone memory testing software in place of Anaconda. Memtest86 memory testing continues until you press the Esc key.
. This option runs theFedora 10 supports graphical FTP and HTTP installations.
However, the installer image must either fit in RAM or appear on
local storage, such as the installation DVD or Live Media.
Therefore, only systems with more than 192MiB of RAM or that boot
from the installation DVD or Live Media can use the graphical
installer. Systems with 192MiB RAM or less fall back to using the
text-based installer automatically. If you prefer to use the
text-based installer, type linux text
at
the boot:
prompt.
http://www.fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda/Features/NetConfigForNM
-- Anaconda is now using
NetworkManager for configuring
network interfaces during installation. The previous backend
tool was libdhcp
(which was a replacement for libpump
).
Anaconda uses
NetworkManager by communicating
with it via D-Bus during installation. The move to
NetworkManager in
Anaconda is still ongoing and some
things are not yet 100% functional, but the bulk of existing
functionality has been retained.
NetworkManager is enabled by
default on newly installed systems, so moving to
NetworkManager in
Anaconda allows the installer to
use the same network management tool that the final system
uses. The move to NetworkManager
brings some changes, most notably the removal of the network
interface configuration screen in
Anaconda. You are no longer asked
to verify the network settings during installation. The screen
now simply prompts for the hostname. The settings used during
installation are written to the system.
When using netinst.iso
to boot
the installer, Anaconda defaults to
using the Fedora mirrorlist URL as the installation source.
The method selection screen no longer appears by default. If
you do not wish to use the mirrorlist URL, either add
repo=
or add
<your installation
source>
askmethod
to the installer boot parameters.
The askmethod
option causes the selection
screen to appear as it did in previous releases. Boot
parameters can be added by pressing the Tab
key in the initial boot screen and appending your new
parameters to the existing list. For more information, refer
to the repo=
and
stage2=
descriptions at
http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Anaconda/Options.
.iso
When PXE booting and using a .iso
file
for the installation media via NFS you are now required to add
method=nfsiso:server:/path
to the command
line.
Use of /dev/hdX
on i386 and x86_64 for
IDE drives changed to /dev/sdX
in Fedora 7.
If you are upgrading from an earlier version than Fedora 7, you
need to research about the importance of labeling devices for
upgrades and any partition limitations.
Not all IDE RAID controllers are supported. If your RAID
controller is not yet supported by dmraid
, you may combine drives
into RAID arrays by configuring Linux software RAID. For
supported controllers, configure the RAID functions in the
computer BIOS.
Some servers with multiple network interfaces may not assign
eth0 to the first network interface as BIOS knows it, which can
cause the installer to try using a different network interface
than was used by PXE. To change this behavior, use the
following in pxelinux.cfg/*
config
files:
IPAPPEND 2 APPEND
ksdevice=bootif
The configuration options above causes the installer to use the same network interface as BIOS and PXE use. You can also use the following option:
ksdevice=link
This option causes the installer to use the first network device it finds that is linked to a network switch.
Refer to http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/DistributionUpgrades for detailed recommended procedures for upgrading Fedora.
Whereas older IDE drivers supported up to 63 partitions per
device, SCSI devices are limited to 15 partitions per device.
Anaconda uses the libata
driver in the same fashion
as the rest of Fedora, so it is unable to detect more than 15
partitions on an IDE disk during the installation or upgrade
process.
If you are upgrading a system with more than 15 partitions, you may need to migrate the disk to Logical Volume Management (LVM). This restriction may cause conflicts with other installed systems if they do not support LVM. Most modern Linux distributions support LVM and drivers are available for other operating systems as well.
A change in the way that the Linux kernel handles storage
devices means that device names such as
/dev/hdX
or /dev/sdX
may differ from the values used in earlier releases.
Anaconda solves this problem by
relying on partition labels or UUIDs for finding devices. If
these are not present, then Anaconda
presents a warning indicating that partitions need to be
labelled and that the upgrade can not proceed. Systems that use
Logical Volume Management (LVM) and the device mapper usually do
not require relabeling.
To view partition labels, boot the existing Fedora installation, and enter the following at a terminal prompt:
/sbin/blkid
Confirm that each volume line in the list has a
LABEL=
value, as shown below:
/dev/hdd1: LABEL="/boot"
UUID="ec6a9d6c-6f05-487e-a8bd-a2594b854406" SEC_TYPE="ext2"
TYPE="ext3"
For ext2 and ext3 partitions without a label, use the following command:
su -c 'e2label /dev/example f7-slash'
For a VFAT filesystem use dosfslabel
from the dosfstools package, and for NTFS
filesystem use ntfslabel
from the
ntfsprogs package. Before rebooting the
machine, also update the file system mount entries, and the
GRUB kernel root entry.
If any filesystem labels were added or modified, then the
device entries in /etc/fstab
must be
adjusted to match:
su -c 'cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.orig' su -c 'gedit
/etc/fstab'
An example of a mount by label entry is:
LABEL=f7-slash / ext3 defaults 1
1
grub.conf
kernel root
entryIf the label for the /
(root)
filesystem was modified, the kernel boot parameter in the grub
configuration file must also be modified:
su -c 'gedit /boot/grub/grub.conf'
A matching example kernel grub line is:
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.20-1.2948.fc6 ro
root=LABEL=f7-slash rhgb quiet
If partition labels were adjusted, or the
/etc/fstab
file modified, then boot the
existing Fedora installation to confirm that all partitions
still mount normally and login is successful. When complete,
reboot with the installation media to start the installer and
begin the upgrade.
In general, fresh installations are recommended over upgrades. This is particularly true for systems that include software from third-party repositories. Third-party packages remaining from a previous installation may not work as expected on an upgraded Fedora system. If you decide to perform an upgrade anyway, the following information may be helpful:
Before you upgrade, back up the system completely. In
particular, preserve /etc
,
/home
, and possibly
/opt
and /usr/local
if
customized packages are installed there. You may want to use a
multi-boot approach with a "clone" of the old installation on
alternate partition(s) as a fallback. In that case, create
alternate boot media, such as a GRUB boot floppy.
Configuration backups | |
---|---|
Backups of configurations in |
After you complete the upgrade, run the following command:
rpm -qa --last > RPMS_by_Install_Time.txt
Inspect the end of the output for packages that pre-date the upgrade. Remove or upgrade those packages from third-party repositories, or otherwise deal with them as necessary. Some previously installed packages may no longer be available in any configured repository. To list all these packages, use the following command:
su -c 'yum list extras'
When using a Kickstart configuration file via HTTP, kickstart file retrieval may fail with an error that indicates the file could not be retrieved. Click the
button several times without making modifications to override this error successfully. As a workaround, use one of the other supported methods to retrieve Kickstart configurations.The Firstboot application requires
the creation of a non-root user for the system. This is to
support gdm
no longer
allowing the root user to log in to the graphical desktop.
If a network authentication mechanism is chosen during installation Firstboot does not require creating a that does not use local user.
The Fedora 10 release includes several Fedora Live ISO images in addition to the traditional installation images. These ISO images are bootable, and you can burn them to media and use them to try out Fedora. They also include a feature that allows you to install the Fedora Live image content to your hard drive for persistence and higher performance.
For a complete list of current spins available, and instructions for using them, refer to:
To boot from the Fedora Live image, insert it into your
computer and restart. To log in and use the desktop environment,
enter the username fedora
. There is no password on
this account. The GNOME-based Fedora Live images automatically
login after one minute, so users have time to select a preferred
language. After logging in, if you wish to install the contents of
the live image to your hard drive, click on the Install
to Hard Drive icon on the desktop.
You can do a text mode installation of the Fedora Live images
using the liveinst
command in the
console.
Another way to use these Fedora Live images is to put them on
a USB stick. To do this, use the
liveusb-creator graphical interface. Use
, search for, then
install liveusb-creator. To install using
yum
:
su -c 'yum install liveusb-creator'
Instead of the graphical tool, you can use the command line
interface from the livecd-tools package. Then,
run the livecd-iso-to-disk
script:
/usr/bin/livecd-iso-to-disk /path/to/live.iso
/dev/sdb1
Replace /dev/sdb1
with the partition
where you want to put the image.
This is not a destructive process; any data you currently have on your USB stick is preserved.
Support for keeping a persistent /home
with the rest of the system stateless has been added for Fedora
10. This includes support for encrypting
/home
to protect your system in the case
where your USB stick is lost or stolen. To use this, download the
live image and run the following command:
livecd-iso-to-disk --home-size-mb 512 /path/to/live.iso
/dev/sdb1
Replace /dev/sdb1
with the partition
where you want to put the image.
Replace 512
with the desired
size in megabytes of the persistent /home
.
The livecd-iso-to-disk
shell script is stored
in the LiveOS
directory at the top level of
the CD image. The USB media must have sufficient free space for
the Fedora Live image, plus the /home
, plus
any other data to be stored on the media. By default, this
encrypts your data and prompts for a passphrase to use. If you
want to have an unencrypted /home
, then you
can specify --unencrypted-home
.
Note that later runs of livecd-iso-to-disk
preserve the /home
that is created on the USB
stick, continuing to use it even if you change your live
image.
Support for persistent changes with a Fedora Live image exists for Fedora 9 and later. The primary use case is booting from a Fedora Live image on a USB flash drive and storing changes to that same device. To do this, download the Fedora Live image and then run the following command:
livecd-iso-to-disk --overlay-size-mb 512
/path/to/live.iso /dev/sdb1
Replace /dev/sdb1
with the partition
where you want to put the image.
Replace 512
with the desired
size in megabytes of the persistent data, or
overlay. The
livecd-iso-to-disk
shell script is stored in
the LiveOS
directory at the top level of the
CD image. The USB media must have sufficient free space for the
Fedora Live image, plus the overlay, plus any other data to be
stored on the media.
Fedora 10 includes support for putting the live image onto a USB image and then booting it on Intel processor-based Apple hardware. Unlike for most x86 machines, this unfortunately requires reformatting the USB stick that you are using. To set up a stick for this, you can run:
/usr/bin/livecd-iso-to-disk --mactel /path/to/live.iso
/dev/sdb1
Replace /dev/sdb1
with the partition
where you want to put the image.
Note that all of the other arguments for the
livecd-iso-to-disk
tool as described above can
be used here as well.
The following items are different from a normal Fedora install with the Fedora Live images.
Fedora Live images provide a subset of packages available in the regular DVD image. Both connect to the same repository that has all the packages.
The SSH daemon sshd
is disabled by default. The
daemon is disabled because the default username in the Fedora
Live images does not have a password. However, installation to
hard disk prompts for creating a new username and
password.
Fedora Live image installations do not allow any package
selection or upgrade capability since they copy the entire
file system from media or USB disks to the hard disk. After
the installation is complete, and your system has been
rebooted, you can add and remove packages as desired with the
yum
, or the other software management
tools.
Fedora Live images do not work on i586 architecture.
Users often request that Fedora provide a hardware compatibility list (HCL), which we have carefully avoided doing. Why? It is a difficult and thankless task that is best handled by the community at large than by one little Linux distribution.
However, because of our stance against closed-source hardware drivers and the problems of binary firmware for hardware, there is some additional information the Fedora Project wants to provide Fedora users.
For 32-bit x86 - Section 3.4.2, “x86 specifics for Fedora ”
For 64-bit x86 - Section 3.4.3, “x86_64 specifics for Fedora”
For PowerPC (PPC)- Section 3.4.4, “PPC specifics for Fedora”
From http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ForbiddenItems:
If it is proprietary, it cannot be included in Fedora.
If it is legally encumbered, it cannot be included in Fedora.
If it violates United States federal law, it cannot be included in Fedora.
Get active. Tell your hardware vendors you only want free, open source drivers and firmware
Use your buying power and only purchase from hardware vendors that support their hardware with open drivers and firmware. Refer to http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/hardware.html for more information.
This section provides notes that are specific to the supported hardware architectures of Fedora.
RPM supports parallel installation of
multiple architectures of the same package. A default package
listing such as rpm
-qa
might appear to include duplicate packages,
since the architecture is not displayed. Instead, use the
repoquery
command, part of the yum-utils package, which
displays architecture by default. To install yum-utils, run the
following command:
su -c 'yum install yum-utils'
To list all packages with their architecture using
rpm
, run the following command:
rpm -qa --queryformat "%{name}-%{version}-%{release}.%{arch}\n"
This setting changes the default query to list the
architecture. Add it to /etc/rpm/macros
(for
a system wide setting) or ~/.rpmmacros
(for a
per-user setting).
%_query_all_fmt %%{name}-%%{version}-%%{release}.%%{arch}
This section covers specific information about Fedora and the x86 hardware platform.
In order to use specific features of Fedora 10 during or after installation, you may need to know details of other hardware components such as video and network cards.
The following CPU specifications are stated in terms of Intel processors. Other processors, such as those from AMD, Cyrix, and VIA that are compatible with and equivalent to the following Intel processors, may also be used with Fedora.
Fedora 10 requires an Intel Pentium or better processor, and is optimized for Pentium 4 and later processors.
Recommended for text-mode: 200 MHz Pentium-class or better
Recommended for graphical: 400 MHz Pentium II or better
Minimum RAM for text-mode: 128MiB
Minimum RAM for graphical: 192MiB
Recommended RAM for graphical: 256MiB
All of the packages from a DVD install can occupy over 9 GB
of disk space. The final install size is determined by the
installing spin and the packages selected during installation.
Additional disk space is required during installation to support
the installation environment. The additional disk space
corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img
plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm
on the
installed system.
In practical terms the additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for a larger installation.
Additional space is also required for any user data and at least 5% free space should be maintained for proper system operation.
This section covers specific information about Fedora and the x86_64 hardware platform.
In order to use specific features of Fedora 10 during or after installation, you may need to know details of other hardware components such as video and network cards.
Minimum RAM for text-mode: 256MiB
Minimum RAM for graphical: 384MiB
Recommended RAM for graphical: 512MiB
All of the packages from a DVD install can occupy over 9 GB of disk space. The final install size is determined by the installing spin and the packages selected during installation. Additional disk space is required during installation to support the installation environment. The additional disk space corresponds to the size of /Fedora/base/stage2.img plus the size of the files in /var/lib/rpm on the installed system.
In practical terms the additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for a larger installation.
Additional space is also required for any user data and at least 5% free space should be maintained for proper system operation.
This section covers specific information about Fedora and the PPC (Power PC) hardware platform.
Minimum CPU: PowerPC G3 / POWER3
Fedora 10 supports the New World generation of Apple Power Macintosh, shipped from circa 1999 onward. Although Old World machines should work, they require a special bootloader which is not included in the Fedora distribution. Fedora has also been installed and tested on POWER5 and POWER6 machines.
Fedora 10 supports pSeries, iSeries, and Cell Broadband Engine machines.
Fedora 10 also supports the Sony PlayStation 3 and Genesi Pegasos II and Efika.
Fedora 10 includes new hardware support for the P.A. Semiconductor 'Electra' machines.
Fedora 10 also includes support for Terrasoft Solutions powerstation workstations.
Recommended for text-mode: 233 MHz G3 or better, 128MiB RAM.
Recommended for graphical: 400 MHz G3 or better, 256MiB RAM.
The complete packages can occupy over 9 GiB of disk space.
Final size is entirely determined by the installing spin and the
packages selected during installation. Additional disk space is
required during installation to support the installation
environment. This additional disk space corresponds to the size
of /Fedora/base/stage2.img
(on Installation Disc 1) plus the size of the files in
/var/lib/rpm
on the
installed system.
In practical terms, additional space requirements may range from as little as 90 MiB for a minimal installation to as much as an additional 175 MiB for a larger installation.
Additional space is also required for any user data, and at least 5% free space should be maintained for proper system operation.
After a brief experiment with 64KiB pages in Fedora Core 6, the PowerPC64 kernel has now been switched back to 4KiB pages. The installer should reformat any swap partitions automatically during an upgrade.
The Option key on Apple systems is equivalent to the Alt key on the PC. Where documentation and the installer refer to the Alt key, use the Option key. For some key combinations you may need to use the Option key in conjunction with the Fn key, such as Option+Fn+F3 to switch to virtual terminal tty3.
Fedora Installation Disc 1 is bootable on supported hardware.
In addition, a bootable CD image appears in the
images/
directory of this disc. These images
behave differently according to your system
hardware:
On most machines, the bootloader automatically boots the appropriate 32-bit or 64-bit installer from the install disc.
64-bit IBM pSeries (POWER4/POWER5), current iSeries
models -- After using OpenFirmware to boot the CD, the
bootloader, yaboot
, automatically boots the
64-bit installer.
IBM "Legacy" iSeries (POWER4) -- So-called "Legacy"
iSeries models, which do not use OpenFirmware, require use
of the boot image located in the images/iSeries
directory of the installation tree.
32-bit CHRP (IBM RS/6000 and others) -- After using
OpenFirmware to boot the CD, select the linux32
boot image at
the boot:
prompt to start
the 32-bit installer. Otherwise, the 64-bit installer starts
and fails.
Genesi Pegasos II / Efika 5200B -- The Fedora kernel
supports both Pegasos and Efika without the need to use the
"Device Tree Supplement" from powerdeveloper.org. However, the
lack of full support for ISO9660 in the firmware means that
booting via yaboot from the CD is not possible. Boot the
'netboot' image instead, either from the CD or over the
network. Because of the size of the image, you must set the
firmware's load-base
variable to load files at
a high address such as 32MiB instead of the default 4MiB:
setenv load-base 0x2000000
At the OpenFirmware prompt, enter the following command to boot the Efika update, if necessary, or the netboot image from the CD:
boot cd: /images/netboot/ppc32.img
Or from the network:
boot eth ppc32.img
You must also manually configure OpenFirmware to make the
installed Fedora system bootable. To do this, set the
boot-device
and
boot-file
environment
variables appropriately, to load yaboot
from the
/boot
partition. For example, a default installation might require
the following:
setenv boot-device hd:0 setenv boot-file
/yaboot/yaboot setenv auto-boot? true
PA Semi Electra -- The Electra firmware does not yet
support yaboot; to install on Electra, you can boot the
ppc64.img
netboot
image. After the installation, you will need to manually
configure the firmware to load the installed kernel and initrd
from the /boot
partition.
Refer to the firmware documentation for further details.
Sony PlayStation 3 -- For installation on PlayStation 3, first update to firmware 1.60 or later. The "Other OS" boot loader must be installed into the flash, following the instructions at http://www.playstation.com/ps3-openplatform/manual.html. A suitable boot loader image can be found on Sony's "ADDON" CD, available from ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/geoff/cell/.
Once the boot loader is installed, the PlayStation 3 should be able to boot from the Fedora install media. Please note that network installation works best with NFS, since that takes less memory than FTP or HTTP methods. Using the
option also reduces the amount of memory taken by the installer.For more info on Fedora and the PlayStation3 or Fedora on PowerPC in general, join the Fedora-PPC mailing list (http://lists.infradead.org/mailman/listinfo/fedora-ppc) or the #fedora-ppc channel on FreeNode (http://freenode.net/.)
Network booting -- Combined images containing the
installer kernel and ramdisk are located in the
images/netboot/
directory of the installation tree. They are intended for
network booting with TFTP, but can be used in many
ways.
The yaboot
loader supports TFTP booting
for IBM pSeries and Apple Macintosh. The Fedora Project
encourages the use of yaboot
over the
netboot
images.
RS/6000 kernel support is currently broken (as of August 28, 2008).
The ppc64-utils package has been
split out into individual packages reflecting upstream
packaging (ps3pf-utils,
powerpc-utils,
powerpc-utils-papr.) Although the
mkzimage
command is no longer supplied,
you can use the wrapper
script from the
kernel-bootwrapper package:
wrapper -i initrd-${KERN_VERSION}.img -o
zImage-${KERN_VERSION}.img vmlinuz-${KERN_VERSION}
This section contains information related to the X Window System implementation, X.Org, provided with Fedora.
Fedora 10 uses the
evdev
input driver as standard mouse and keyboard driver for the X server. This driver works with HAL to provide a persistent per-device configuration that allows devices to be added or removed at runtime.
Refer to the Xorg third-party drivers page for detailed guidelines on using third-party video drivers.
http://who-t.blogspot.com/2008/07/input-configuration-in-nutshell.html -- Evdev configuration.
Fedora 10 includes multiple boot-time updates, including changes that allow for faster booting and graphic booting changes.
Plymouth is the graphical boot up system debuting with Fedora 10.
Adding rhgb
on the
grub
command line directs Plymouth to load
the appropriate plugin for your hardware.
The graphical boot splash screen that comes with Plymouth
requires kernel mode setting drivers to work best. There are
not kernel modesetting drivers available for all hardware yet.
To see the graphical splash before the drivers are generally
available, add vga=0x318
to the kernel
grub
command line. This uses
vesafb
, which does not necessarily give the
native resolution for a flat panel, and may cause flickering
or other weird interactions with X. Without kernel modesetting
drivers or vga=0x318
, Plymouth uses a
text-based plugin that is plain but functional.
Currently, only Radeon R500 and higher users get kernel modesetting by default. There is work in progress to provide modesetting for R100 and R200. Additionally, Intel kernel modesetting drivers are in development, but not turned on by default.
The kernel modesetting drivers are still in development
and buggy. If you end up with nothing but a black screen
during boot up, or a screen with nothing but random noise on
it, then adding nomodeset
to the kernel
boot prompt in grub disables modesetting.
Plymouth hides boot messages. To view boot messages, press
the Esc key during boot, or view them in
/var/log/boot.log
after boot up.
Alternatively, remove rhgb
from the kernel
command line and plymouth displays all boot messages. There is
also a status icon on the login screen to view boot
warnings.
Fedora 10 gets a faster boot from improvements in process start-up.
Readahead is started in parallel with the boot process.
Udev may appear to be slower but in fact readahead reads
all disk buffers needed for the boot process in the background
and shortens the whole boot process. Creation of the readahead
file list is done monthly and can be triggered manually by
touching /.readahead_collect
. The
configuration file
/etc/sysconfig/readahead
can be edited to
turn off readahead-collector and/or readahead.
Kernel modesetting (KMS) can default to either enabled or disabled in the DRM driver and it can be enabled or disabled at boot-time.
Both Plymouth and the DDX drivers detect whether KMS is present and enabled. If it is present and enabled, Plymouth and DDX drivers will take advantage of them.
If KMS is not present or it is present but disabled then Plymouth will automatically fall back to the text splash and the DDX driver will automatically fall back to user-space modesetting.
Allows for faster user switching, seamless X server switching, and graphical panic messages.